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Study of the mechanics of progressive collapse of FPB isolated beam-pier substructures

Jingcai ZHANG; Yong DING; Xinchun GUAN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第6期   页码 718-728 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0815-3

摘要： The horizontal stiffness of the isolated layer is reduced substantially by a friction pendulum bearing (FPB) toprotectthe structure from potential damages caused by earthquakes. However, horizontal stiffness is essential to progressive collapse resistance of structures. This paper presents a simplified model to assess the progressive collapse response of beam-pier substructure isolated by FPB. Progressive collapse resistance by flexural action of the beam and additional resistance owing to the horizontal restraining force was achieved. The influences of the equivalent radius and friction coefficient of the FPB, the applied axial force on the FPB, and span-depth ratio of the beam on the additional resistance were investigated. Simulations were conducted to verify the proposed model. The results show that progressive collapse resistance provided by horizontal restraining can be reduced as large as 46% and 88% during compressive arching action (CAA) and catenary action (CA), respectively. The equivalent radius of the FPB shows limited effect on the progressive collapse response of FPB isolated structures, but friction coefficient and applied axial force, as well as depth ratio of the beam, show significant influences on the additional progressive collapse resistance capacity. Finite element method (FEM) results are in good agreement with the result obtained by the proposed method.

关键词： friction pendulum bearing     progressive collapse     horizontal stiffness     compressive arching action     catenary action    

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Investigation on a mitigation scheme to resist the progressive collapse of reinforced concrete buildings

Iman TABAEYE IZADI, Abdolrasoul RANJBARAN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 421-430 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0181-7

摘要： This study presents the investigation of the approach which was presented by Thaer M. Saeed Alrudaini to provide the alternate load path to redistribute residual loads and preventing from the potential progressive collapse of RC buildings. It was proposed to transfer the residual loads upwards above the failed column of RC buildings by vertical cables hanged at the top to a hat steel braced frame seated on top of the building which in turn redistributes the residual loads to the adjacent columns. In this study a ten-storey regular structural building has been considered to investigate progressive collapse potential. Structural design is based on ACI 318-08 concrete building code for special RC frames and the nonlinear dynamic analysis is carried out using SAP2000 software, following UFC4-023-03 document. Nine independent failure scenarios are adopted in the investigation, including six external removal cases in different floors and three removal cases in the first floor. A new detail is proposed by using barrel and wedge to improve residual forces transfer to the cables after removal of the columns. Simulation results show that progressive collapse of building that resulted from potential failure of columns located in floors can be efficiently resisted by using this method.

关键词： prevent progressive collapse     alternate load path     reinforced concrete buildings     nonlinear dynamic     retrofitting     cable     steel hat braced frame     barrel and wedge    

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Proposal of a probabilistic assessment of structural collapse concomitantly subject to earthquake and

Gholamreza ABDOLLAHZADEH, Hadi FAGHIHMALEKI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期   页码 425-437 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0427-5

摘要：

In recent decades, many public buildings, located in seismic-prone residential areas, had to grapple with abnormal loads against which the structures were unguarded. In this piece of research, an ordinary three dimensional reinforced concrete building is selected as case study. The building is located in an earthquake-prone region; however, it is designed according to seismic building codes. Yet, it is not shielded against abnormal loads, such as blasts. It is assumed that the building suffers a blast load, due to mechanical/thermal installation failure during or after intense seismic oscillations. These two critical incidents are regarded codependent and compatible. So the researchers developed scenarios and tried to assess different probabilities for each scenario and carried out an analysis to ensure if progressive collapse had set in or not. In the first step, two analysis models were used for each scenario; a non-linear dynamic time history analysis and a blast local dynamic analysis. In the second step, having the structural destructions of the first step in view, a pushdown analysis was carried out to determine the severity of progressive collapse and assess building robustness. Finally, the annual probability of structural collapse under simultaneous earthquake and blast loads was estimated and offered.

关键词： gas blast     pushdown analysis     progressive collapse     annual probability of structural collapse     3D model of structure    

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A preliminary analysis and discussion of the condominium building collapse in surfside, Florida, US,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第5期   页码 1097-1110 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0766-0

摘要： On June 24, 2021, a 40-year-old reinforced concrete flat plate structure building in Miami suffered a sudden partial collapse. This study analyzed the overall performance and key components of the collapsed building based on the building design codes (ACI-318 and GB 50010). Punching shear and post-punching performances of typical slab-column joints are also studied through the refined finite element analysis. The collapse process was simulated and visualized using a physics engine. By way of these analyses, weak design points of the collapsed building are highlighted. The differences between the reinforcement detailing of the collapsed building and the requirements of the current Chinese code are discussed, together with a comparison of the punching shear and post-punching performances. The simulated collapse procedure and debris distribution are compared with the actual collapse scenes.

关键词： progressive collapse     flat plate     simulation     punching    

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Seismic progressive-failure analysis of tall steel structures under beam-removal scenarios

Behrouz BEHNAM, Fahimeh SHOJAEI, Hamid Reza RONAGH

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 904-917 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0525-7

摘要： Investigating progressive collapse of tall structures under beam removal scenarios after earthquake is a complex subject because the earthquake damage acts as an initial condition for the subsequent scenario. An investigation is performed here on a 10 story steel moment resisting structure designed to meet the life safety level of performance when different beam removal scenarios after earthquake are considered. To this end, the structure is first subjected to the design earthquake simulated by Tabas earthquake acceleration. The beam removal scenarios are then considered at different locations assuming that both ends connections of the beam to columns are simultaneously detached from the columns; thus the removed beam falls on the underneath floor with an impact. This imposes considerable loads to the structure leading to a progressive collapse in all the scenarios considered. The results also show that the upper stories are much more vulnerable under such scenarios than the lower stories. Hence, more attention shall be paid to the beam-to-column connections of the upper stories during the process of design and construction.

关键词： progressive collapse     tall steel moment-resisting frames     non-linear dynamic analysis     beam-removal scenario     impact    

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Progressive collapse of 2D reinforced concrete structures under sudden column removal

El Houcine MOURID, Said MAMOURI, Adnan IBRAHIMBEGOVIC

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第6期   页码 1387-1402 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0645-0

摘要： Once a column in building is removed due to gas explosion, vehicle impact, terrorist attack, earthquake or any natural disaster, the loading supported by removed column transfers to neighboring structural elements. If these elements are unable to resist the supplementary loading, they continue to fail, which leads to progressive collapse of building. In this paper, an efficient strategy to model and simulate the progressive collapse of multi-story reinforced concrete structure under sudden column removal is presented. The strategy is subdivided into several connected steps including failure mechanism creation, MBS dynamic analysis and dynamic contact simulation, the latter is solved by using conserving/decaying scheme to handle the stiff nonlinear dynamic equations. The effect of gravity loads, structure-ground contact, and structure-structure contact are accounted for as well. The main novelty in this study consists in the introduction of failure function, and the proper manner to control the mechanism creation of a frame until its total failure. Moreover, this contribution pertains to a very thorough investigation of progressive collapse of the structure under sudden column removal. The proposed methodology is applied to a six-story frame, and many different progressive collapse scenarios are investigated. The results illustrate the efficiency of the proposed strategy.

关键词： failure mechanism     MBS dynamic analysis     gravity loads     structure-ground contact     structure-structure contact     energy conserving/decaying scheme    

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Deep reinforcement learning-based critical element identification and demolition planning of frame structures

Shaojun ZHU; Makoto OHSAKI; Kazuki HAYASHI; Shaohan ZONG; Xiaonong GUO

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第11期   页码 1397-1414 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0860-y

摘要： This paper proposes a framework for critical element identification and demolition planning of frame structures. Innovative quantitative indices considering the severity of the ultimate collapse scenario are proposed using reinforcement learning and graph embedding. The action is defined as removing an element, and the state is described by integrating the joint and element features into a comprehensive feature vector for each element. By establishing the policy network, the agent outputs the Q value for each action after observing the state. Through numerical examples, it is confirmed that the trained agent can provide an accurate estimation of the Q values, and handle problems with different action spaces owing to utilization of graph embedding. Besides, different behaviors can be learned by varying hyperparameters in the reward function. By comparing the proposed method and the conventional sensitivity index-based methods, it is demonstrated that the computational cost is considerably reduced because the reinforcement learning model is trained offline. Besides, it is proved that the Q values produced by the reinforcement learning agent can make up for the deficiencies of existing indices, and can be directly used as the quantitative index for the decision-making for determining the most expected collapse scenario, i.e., the sequence of element removals.

关键词： progressive collapse     alternate load path     demolition planning     reinforcement learning     graph embedding    

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Stress-strain relationship with soil structural parameters of collapse loess

SHAO Shengjun, LONG Jiyong, YU Qinggao

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第2期   页码 151-160 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0020-z

摘要： Through the tri-axial shearing tests of unsaturated intact loess and based on the concept of comprehensive soil structural potential, this paper reveals the changing laws of soil structural property under the tri-axial stress conditions and establishes a mathematical expression equation of structural parameters, whereby reflecting the effects of unsaturated loess water content, stress and strain states, which is introduced into the shearing stress and shearing strain relation to obtain the structural stress-strain relation. The tests reveal that the loess dilatancy is of shearing contraction and shearing expansion, whereby indicating that there is a good linear relation between the stress ratio and shearing expansion strain ratio. The larger consolidation confining pressure is, the larger the stress of shearing contraction and expansion critical point is; and the larger water content is, the smaller the strain ratio of shearing contraction and expansion critical point is. Finally, the constitutive model is established to reflect the variation in loess structure, stress-strain softening and hardening, and shearing contraction and shearing expansion features. Through the comparative analysis, the stress-strain curves described by the constitutive relationship are found to be in good conformity with test results, whereby testing the rationality of the model in this paper.

关键词： hardening     shearing expansion     unsaturated     structural property     mathematical expression    

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Exome sequencing greatly expedites the progressive research of Mendelian diseases

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第1期   页码 42-57 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0303-9

摘要：

The advent of whole-exome sequencing (WES) has facilitated the discovery of rare structure and functional genetic variants. Combining exome sequencing with linkage studies is one of the most efficient strategies in searching disease genes for Mendelian diseases. WES has achieved great success in the past three years for Mendelian disease genetics and has identified over 150 new Mendelian disease genes. We illustrate the workflow of exome capture and sequencing to highlight the advantages of WES. We also indicate the progress and limitations of WES that can potentially result in failure to identify disease-causing mutations in part of patients. With an affordable cost, WES is expected to become the most commonly used tool for Mendelian disease gene identification. The variants detected cumulatively from previous WES studies will be widely used in future clinical services.

关键词： genetics     whole-exome sequencing     Mendelian disease     disease gene    

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Numerical simulation and analysis for collapse responses of RC frame structures under earthquake

Fuwen ZHANG, Xilin LU, Chao YIN,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第4期   页码 364-369 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0061-y

摘要： In this paper, a discrete element model for collapse simulation of RC frame structure is constructed by discretizing the structure into a few elements and spring groups. This model introduces special hysteretic models of connected springs for arbitrary loading path and also takes into account reasonable failure criteria for springs considering coupling effect of shear and axial force. Based on the discrete element model, a computer program is developed to simulate the whole process of RC frame structures from initial state to collapse under earthquakes. Particularly, the contact-impact problem between discrete elements has been treated with effective measures. Then, the program is employed to study the collapse mechanism of a real building in Wenchuan earthquake-hit area; the result of which shows that the simulation program developed based on the new model can realistically simulate the seismic collapse process of RC frame structures.

关键词： discrete element method     failure criteria     contact-impact     simulation program    

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Experimental study on the progressive failure and its anchoring effect of weak-broken rock vertical slope

Hehua ZHU, Qianwei XU, Wenqi DING, Feng HUANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 208-224 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0111-0

摘要： To improve the understanding on the failure behavior and its anchoring effect of weak-broken rock slope, the rock of grade IV according to China is taken as reference prototype, and a series of model tests were carried out in laboratory. These tests can be divided into two categories, that is, with bolt reinforcement and without bolt reinforcement. In which, the stability of slope reinforced with different bolt diameter, different anchor length and different space are studied. The test results show that the collapse of slope is the combination of tension failure at the top and the compression-shearing failure at the bottom of the slope, and its failure process presents progressive characteristics. The contributions of bolt reinforcement are mainly reflected by the aspects of shear resistance, crack resistance and anti-extension. The reinforcement of blot not only can improve the vertical bearing capacity before failure, but also can reduce the vertical settlement and allow greater lateral rock wall deformation; what is more, the stress concentration degree in rock mass can be dispersed, which do help to improve the stability of slope rock mass.

关键词： progressive failure     weak-broken rock     slope     model test     bolt    

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Life cycle and performance based seismic design of major bridges in China

FAN Lichu

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第3期   页码 261-266 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0033-z

摘要： The idea of life cycle and performance based seismic design of major bridges is introduced. Based on the key components and non-key components of a bridge and the consideration of the inspectability, replaceability, reparability, controllability and retrofitability of the bridge components, different seismic design levels and expected performance objectives are suggested for the major bridges in China. The vulnerability analysis and progressive collapse analysis, as well as risk assessment, are also proposed to be the important issues to study in order to guide the seismic design of major bridges in the future.

关键词： controllability     progressive     reparability     different     important    

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Stress-strain relationship with soil structural parameter of collapse loess

SHAO Shengjun, YU Qinggao, LONG Jiyong

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第3期   页码 293-293 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0100-0

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Progressive failure analysis of notched composite plate by utilizing macro mechanics approach

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 623-642 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0726-8

摘要： In this study, gradual and sudden reduction methods were combined to simulate a progressive failure in notched composite plates using a macro mechanics approach. Using the presented method, a progressive failure is simulated based on a linear softening law prior to a catastrophic failure, and thereafter, sudden reduction methods are employed for modeling a progressive failure. This combination method significantly reduces the computational cost and is also capable of simultaneously predicting the first and last ply failures (LPFs) in composite plates. The proposed method is intended to predict the first ply failure (FPF), LPF, and dominant failure modes of carbon/epoxy and glass/epoxy notched composite plates. In addition, the effects of mechanical properties and different stacking sequences on the propagation of damage in notched composite plates were studied. The results of the presented method were compared with experimental data previously reported in the literature. By comparing the numerical and experimental data, it is revealed that the proposed method can accurately simulate the failure propagation in notched composite plates at a low computational cost.

关键词： progressive failure     notched composite plate     Hashin failure criterion     macro mechanics approach     finite element method    

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Collapse fragility assessment of steel roof framings with force limiting devices under transient wind

Linjia BAI, Yunfeng ZHANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 199-209 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0168-4

摘要： Steel structural frame is a popular structural form to cover large-span roof space and under high winds. Either part of the roof enclosure or the entire roof structure can be lifted off a building, particularly for low sloped roofs subject to wind-induced suction force. Collapse of roof could cause severe economic loss and poses safety risk to residents in the building. The buckling of members in a steel roof frame structure, which may lead to progressive collapse, may be dynamic in nature. This paper presents a fragility analysis of the collapse of steel roof frame structures under combined static and transient wind loading. Uncertainties associated with wind load change rate and member imperfections are taken into account in this study. A numerical example based on a Steel Joist Institute (SJI) K series joist was used to demonstrate the use of force limiting devices for collapse risk mitigation. For the presented fragility assessment of steel roof collapse, a Monte Carlo method combined with response surface approach was adopted, which greatly reduces the computation time and makes the Monte Carlo simulation feasible for probabilistic collapse analysis of steel roof frame structures.

关键词： collapse     dynamic response     fragility analysis     Monte Carlo simulation     wind load    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Study of the mechanics of progressive collapse of FPB isolated beam-pier substructures

Jingcai ZHANG; Yong DING; Xinchun GUAN

期刊论文

Investigation on a mitigation scheme to resist the progressive collapse of reinforced concrete buildings

Iman TABAEYE IZADI, Abdolrasoul RANJBARAN

期刊论文

Proposal of a probabilistic assessment of structural collapse concomitantly subject to earthquake and

Gholamreza ABDOLLAHZADEH, Hadi FAGHIHMALEKI

期刊论文

A preliminary analysis and discussion of the condominium building collapse in surfside, Florida, US,

期刊论文

Seismic progressive-failure analysis of tall steel structures under beam-removal scenarios

Behrouz BEHNAM, Fahimeh SHOJAEI, Hamid Reza RONAGH

期刊论文

Progressive collapse of 2D reinforced concrete structures under sudden column removal

El Houcine MOURID, Said MAMOURI, Adnan IBRAHIMBEGOVIC

期刊论文

Deep reinforcement learning-based critical element identification and demolition planning of frame structures

Shaojun ZHU; Makoto OHSAKI; Kazuki HAYASHI; Shaohan ZONG; Xiaonong GUO

期刊论文

Stress-strain relationship with soil structural parameters of collapse loess

SHAO Shengjun, LONG Jiyong, YU Qinggao

期刊论文

Exome sequencing greatly expedites the progressive research of Mendelian diseases

null

期刊论文

Numerical simulation and analysis for collapse responses of RC frame structures under earthquake

Fuwen ZHANG, Xilin LU, Chao YIN,

期刊论文

Experimental study on the progressive failure and its anchoring effect of weak-broken rock vertical slope

Hehua ZHU, Qianwei XU, Wenqi DING, Feng HUANG

期刊论文

Life cycle and performance based seismic design of major bridges in China

FAN Lichu

期刊论文

Stress-strain relationship with soil structural parameter of collapse loess

SHAO Shengjun, YU Qinggao, LONG Jiyong

期刊论文

Progressive failure analysis of notched composite plate by utilizing macro mechanics approach

期刊论文

Collapse fragility assessment of steel roof framings with force limiting devices under transient wind

Linjia BAI, Yunfeng ZHANG

期刊论文